Stone Monuments of Southern Mexico

Biodeterioration of Stone Monuments a Worldwide Issue

The biodegradation is a general action strictly linked in the presence of active organisms, and this is not only unavoidable but it represents a fundamental process of the Biosphere. When this process is acting on « valuable » objects, is named as Biodeterioration. The consequences surely produce a worse condition, and this process is particularly unfavourable when the object belongs to the Cul...

What About Biofilms on the Surface of Stone Monuments?

Bacteria can live either as free planktonic cells in bulk solution, or as sessile cells attached to a surface. In addition to their attachment status, sessile bacteria are part of sessile communities termed biofilms. A biofilm can be defined as a microbial community attached to a solid surface composed of cells organized as microcolonies embedded in an organic polymer matrix of microbial origin...

Diversity of Endolithic Prokaryotes Living in Stone Monuments

Stone monuments (statues, fountains, tombs, memorials, buildings, etc.) are apparently indestructible artefacts that were built to last. Depending on the chemical composition and structure, stones may be friendly or hostile to colonization by eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic communities. Among various lithotypes, porous rocks (limestone, sandstone) have highest bioreceptivity. Abiotic factors have...

Stone Composition in Patients Who Undergo Renal Stone Surgery: Review of 423 Stone Analyses in Southern Iran

Design and testing of artificial stone for the restoration of stone elements in monuments and historic buildings

Different structural parts of monuments and historic buildings were based on stone as the main building material, such as masonry and foundation, while many types of stones were also used for decorative, architectural elements, such as reliefs, cornices, corbels, colonnettes. The preservation of stone elements is crucial for the continuity of these structures. Mortar on the other hand is an art...